Psychoanalysis

This ideology emerged in the medical field. Sigmund Freud (1856 1939) was the father of the Austrian neurologist school of thought. While Freud was treating female patients with symptoms such as paralysis of the legs, inability to speak, loss of physical sensations, etc., psychoanalysis emerged. He realized that the causes of this distress were not just physical but mental. This disorder is called conversion hysteria. Freud concluded that this perversion expresses the sexual conflict of the unconscious mind. These conflicts turn into physical symptoms as society restricts women's sexual pleasure.

From his case studies of Freud's patients, he assumed that the struggles of the unconscious mind related to sexuality and aggression were the basic motivators of human behaviour. Although the importance of the struggle of the unconscious mind perceived by Freud was not new, he was the first to use the concept of the unconscious mind in psychological theory. According to him, all kinds of behaviour, whether normal or abnormal, are influenced by unconscious motivations. This belief is called Psychic determinism. Externally purposeless and straightforward behaviour can also be explained by this concept. Freud's most controversial view was that early childhood experiences were one of the most important factors in personality development. Memories at this age are in the unconscious mind and they affect the behaviours of childhood and adulthood.

Freud's psychoanalysis became the subject of intense criticism. Freud's various findings were not the basis of any scientific research. Also, those he studied were psychopaths. He did not study ordinary people. However, Freud's views had an effect on motivation, dreams, imagination, personality, psychology, and so on. Freud's views influenced many writers, actors, and film directors.

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